Ball screw support bearings

When installing, first, it is necessary to ensure that the flatness and roughness of the support bearing's mounting base surface meet requirements, with the error controlled within ±0.02mm; otherwise, the straightness and stability of the lead screw will be affected. During installation, strictly use professional tools (such as a high-precision level and dial indicator) for positioning and calibration to ensure that the center height of the support bearing is consistent with the designed center height of the lead screw, with a deviation not exceeding ±0.05mm. Meanwhile, use locating pin holes and positioning keys to ensure the positional accuracy of the support bearing on the mounting surface and avoid offset. After installation, tighten the fixing bolts with a torque wrench according to the specified torque (e.g., the torque for M8 bolts is 20-25N・m) to prevent loosening.

Backlash adjustment is crucial. Excessive backlash will cause vibration and displacement during equipment operation, reducing machining accuracy-for example, the dimensional deviation of machined parts will exceed ±0.05mm, and the surface roughness will increase. It will also aggravate wear between the support bearing and the lead screw, shortening their service life. Insufficient backlash will increase friction, leading to overheating of the equipment, affecting the performance of lubricating oil, and in severe cases, parts may deform. The correct adjustment method is: for support bearings using angular contact ball bearings, control the backlash by adjusting the bearing preload. First, loosen the lock nut, increase or decrease the number of special adjustment shims (with thickness specifications such as 0.05mm and 0.1mm), then lock the nut with a torque wrench according to the specified torque after adjustment. After adjustment, use a dial indicator to detect the axial runout and radial runout of the lead screw to ensure they meet accuracy requirements.

Noise and vibration may be caused by the following reasons: First, bearing wear-after long-term use, the bearing balls or raceways are damaged. In this case, it is necessary to timely replace them with high-quality bearings of the same model and specification (such as corresponding models of SKF and NSK brands). Second, loose installation of the support bearing-check the torque of the fixing bolts and retighten them. Third, misalignment between the lead screw and the support bearing-recalibrate the installation position. Fourth, excessive load exceeding the rated load capacity of the support bearing-re-calculate the load, select a support bearing of appropriate specification, or optimize the equipment operating conditions to reduce impact load. In addition, poor lubrication can also cause such problems-check the lubrication system and replenish or replace with appropriate lubricating grease (such as lithium-based grease).

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A support bearing may need to be replaced when the following situations occur: First, the bearing of the support bearing is seized or severely worn, with broken balls or obvious pits on the raceway, resulting in unsmooth rotation of the lead screw. At this time, the equipment's operation accuracy drops significantly, and the positioning error exceeds ±0.1mm. Second, the support bearing housing has cracks or severe deformation, affecting its support stability for the lead screw. Third, seal failure-for example, the sealing ring is severely damaged and cannot effectively prevent dust and water, leading to a large amount of impurities such as dust and cutting fluid entering the interior of the support bearing and accelerating wear of internal parts. Fourth, after multiple adjustments, it still fails to meet the equipment's requirements for lead screw transmission accuracy-for example, the repeat positioning accuracy is always lower than ±0.01mm.